In employment discrimination law, the so-called “same actor inference” holds that “[w]hen the person who made the decision to fire was the same person who made the decision to hire, it is difficult to impute to [him] an invidious motivation that would be inconsistent with the decision to hire.” Orellana v. Reiss Wholesale Hardware Co., No.…
Read More The “Same Actor Inference” in Employment Discrimination LawNot every action taken by an employer against an employee is actionable under the anti-discrimination laws, even if the action is tied to a so-called protected characteristic. The dividing line between actionable and non-actionable conduct – for claims of retaliation or status-based discrimination – is the presence, or absence, of an “adverse employment action.” As…
Read More What is an “Adverse Employment Action”?By now you’ve probably heard/read about Dr. Anjali Ramkissoon, who was caught on a now-viral YouTube video attacking an Uber driver. Reports indicate that her employer, Jackson Health System, has placed her on administrative leave. The video suggests that Dr. Ramkissoon was not working or “on the clock” during the incident. This raises the question of whether, and to what…
Read More Off-Duty Conduct and Termination“Under the so-called ‘storm in progress’ rule, a property owner will not be held responsible for accidents occurring as a result of the accumulation of snow and ice on its premises until an adequate period of time has passed following the cessation of the storm to allow the owner an opportunity to ameliorate the hazards…
Read More New York’s “Storm in Progress” RuleIn employment law, the term “constructive discharge” is used to describe a scenario in which, in sum, an employee is not terminated (i.e. discharged) directly by the employer, but rather that things got so bad that they were, in essence, “forced to quit.” As recently explained by the court in Ingrassia v. Health & Hosp.…
Read More What is a “Constructive Discharge”?“Sexual harassment” is one type of unlawful discrimination based on “sex” under various statutes, including Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The term “quid pro quo” is a Latin phrase that means “this for that”. In the context of employment discrimination/sexual harassment law, it has a specific meaning. “Sexual harassment claims are…
Read More What is “Quid Pro Quo” Sexual Harassment?Dog-bite injuries can be serious and in some cases deadly. If it happens to you, can you (successfully) sue under New York law for damages? It depends. Unlike in other types of personal injury cases, a person injured by a domestic animal (e.g., a dog) may not proceed on a theory of negligence. Rather, under…
Read More Who’s a Bad Boy? “Vicious Propensities” and New York Dog Bite LawNannies (live-in and otherwise) are a prominent feature of many wealthy households, particularly those in New York City. The familial nature of the relationship may blur the line between what is proper and improper conduct. For example, the “workplace” is typically not an office, but rather the employer’s home; negotiations may be held at the kitchen…
Read More Nanny Rights: Special Protections for “Domestic Workers” in New YorkAmong the many different ways to get injured (particularly in a place like New York City) is to be hit by a falling object. Such objects can include, for example: construction site equipment, a tree or tree branch, a giant restaurant mirror, an air conditioner, rocks, or a piece of decorative terra-cotta windowsill (as in the…
Read More Injuries Resulting From Falling ObjectsThe combination of large groups of people, alcohol, and other factors may result in a dispute that escalates into violence. This is possible in, among other places, New York bars and clubs. These establishments frequently employ security personnel and/or bouncers to keep the peace. However, what happens when one is injured by one of these…
Read More Bouncer Battery: Patrons’ Rights