Evidence

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In Swanson v. Dr. Don Chapman, DDS, PLLC, No. CV 24-1622, 2026 WL 318971 (W.D. Pa. Feb. 6, 2026), a sexual harassment case, the court denied defendants’ motion in limine to exclude two instances of alleged sexual misconduct. The court held that the evidence was relevant under Federal Rule of Evidence 401, and not subject to…

Read More Motions in Limine Denied; Sexual Harassment Evidence Was Relevant and Not Unfairly Prejudicial
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“Judicial Notice” is a process which may be used to have certain matters accepted at trial as established, without the necessity of formal proof. It comes in two forms: (1) judicial notice of facts; and (2) judicial notice of law. See generally, Guide to NY Evidence, Article 2; Federal Rule of Evidence 201. Judicial Notice…

Read More Judicial Notice in New York Practice
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The police accident report, known in New York as a Form MV-104, is a document typically used in motor vehicle accident litigation. It memorializes various pieces of information relevant to the accident, including (among other things): When the accident occurred; Who was involved in the accident; Where the accident occurred; Descriptions of the involved vehicles;…

Read More The Police Report in New York Personal Injury Litigation
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In litigation, “spoliation of evidence” occurs when a litigant, intentionally or negligently, disposes of crucial items of evidence before their adversary has an opportunity to inspect them. See generally New York Pattern Jury Instructions (PJI) 1:77; New York Motions in Limine § 9:24 (2024 ed.). As explained by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the…

Read More Spoliation of Evidence in New York Civil Litigation
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